User:Northamerica1000/Portals of the world

 Countries of the world portals Portal information – October 2019 to January 2020 

Countries of the world

Afghanistan

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Development of the Afghan Civil War from the Peshawar Accord in April 1992 to the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001

The Afghan conflict (Pashto: دافغانستان جنګونه; Persian: درگیری افغانستان) refers to the series of events that have kept Afghanistan in a near-continuous state of armed conflict since the 1970s. Early instability followed the collapse of the Kingdom of Afghanistan in the largely non-violent 1973 coup d'état, which deposed Afghan monarch Mohammad Zahir Shah in absentia, ending his 40-year-long reign. With the concurrent establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan, headed by Mohammad Daoud Khan, the country's relatively peaceful and stable period in modern history came to an end. However, all-out fighting did not erupt until after 1978, when the Saur Revolution violently overthrew Khan's government and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Subsequent unrest over the radical reforms that were being pushed by the then-ruling People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) led to unprecedented violence, prompting a large-scale pro-PDPA military intervention by the Soviet Union in 1979. In the ensuing Soviet–Afghan War, the anti-Soviet Afghan mujahideen received extensive support from Pakistan, the United States, and Saudi Arabia in a joint covert effort that was dubbed Operation Cyclone. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Afghanistan-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Herat Citadel in the western Afghan city of Herat (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Modern-day sketch work of Mahmud Hotak (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Kabul during civil war in 1993 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Ghaznavid Empire at its greatest extent in 1030 CE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Gandhara Kingdom in Early Vedic Period, around 1500 BCE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Elements of Afghan culture including: tabla and harmonium musical instruments, an Afghan carpet, teapot, and sheer pira dessert (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor. In the west, Ghurid territory extended to Nishapur and Merv, while Ghurid troops reached as far as Gorgan on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Eastward, the Ghurids invaded as far as Bengal. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  An Afghan man with a tasbih (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Some of the popular Afghan dishes, from left to right: 1. Lamb grilled kebab (seekh kabab); 2. Palao and salad; 3. Tandoori chicken; and 4. Mantu (dumplings). The Afghan cuisine includes a blend of Central Asian, Eastern Asian, South Asian and the Middle Eastern cuisines. Nearly all Afghan dishes are non-spicy. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Mongol invasions and conquests seriously depopulated large areas of Afghanistan (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Soldiers of the Afghan National Army in 2010, including the ANA Commando Battalion standing in the front.
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  Hotaki Empire, 1728 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the situation in Afghanistan in August 2001 until October 2001 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Gandhara Buddhist reliquary with content, including Indo-Parthian coins. 1st century CE.
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  King Yaqub Khan with Britain's Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, 26 May 1879, on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Songbirds in cages at a farm in Nangarhar Province, used for the pleasure of the site's farmers (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  From left to right: Abdullah Abdullah, John Kerry and Ashraf Ghani during the 2014 Afghan presidential election (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Ethno-linguistic map of Afghanistan 1997 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  A map of Afghanistan showing the 2021 Taliban offensive (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Mohammad Zahir Shah in 1963
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  The Bimaran casket, representing the Buddha surrounded by Brahma (left) and Śakra (right) was found inside a stupa with coins of Azes inside. British Museum. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  President Hamid Karzai observing the honor guard of the Afghan armed forces during the 2011 Afghan Independence Day. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the Hotak Empire during the Reign of Mirwais Hotak, 1715. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Timurid Empire at its greatest extent in 1405 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Alexander Empire in South Asia (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Afghanistan (Emirate) and surrounding nations, dated 1860. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Outside the Presidential Palace in Kabul, a day after the Marxist revolution on April 28, 1978. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Alexander's troops beg to return home from India in plate 3 of 11 by Antonio Tempesta of Florence, 1608. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  The day after the Marxist revolution on April 28, 1978 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Tents of Afghan nomads in the northern Badghis Province of Afghanistan. Early peasant farming villages came into existence in Afghanistan about 7,000 years ago. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Vishnu Nicolo Seal representing Vishnu with a worshipper (probably Mihirakula), 4th–6th century CE. The inscription in cursive Bactrian reads: "Mihira, Vishnu and Shiva". British Museum. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf sent more troops against the United Front of Ahmad Shah Massoud than the Afghan Taliban. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Approximate maximum extent of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom circa 180 BCE, including the regions of Tapuria and Traxiane to the West, Sogdiana and Ferghana to the north, Bactria and Arachosia to the south. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  An Afghan boy with a kite (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Arachosia, Aria and Bactria were the ancient satraps of the Achaemenid Empire that made up most of what is now Afghanistan during 500 BCE. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the situation in Afghanistan in late 1996; Massoud (red), Dostum (green) and Taliban (yellow) territories. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Afghan musicians in Farah, Afghanistan. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Taliban fighters patrolling Kabul in a Humvee, 17 August 2021 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Kushan territories (full line) and maximum extent of Kushan dominions under Kanishka (dotted line), according to the Rabatak inscription (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Women painting at the Center for Contemporary Arts Afghanistan (CCAA) in Kabul. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Typical Afghan food table (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Present-day location of Afghanistan in Asia (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Women dancing in traditional dress in San Francisco (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Afghan President Hamid Karzai speaking before U.S. Congress in June 2004 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  The Mahajanapadas, including the Gandhara and Kambojas kingdoms and Achaemenid Empire in West, around c. 500 BCE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent c. 620, under Khosrow II (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the region during the 7th century (from History of Afghanistan)
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  NATO's military terminal at Kabul International Airport (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Players in a game of buzkashi, the national sport (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Ethnolinguistic groups in Afghanistan in 1982 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Afghanistan 1839–1863, showing the First Anglo-Afghan war, and unification of Afghanistan by Dost Mohammad Khan (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Much of the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan was subordinated to the Achaemenid Empire (from History of Afghanistan)
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  A miniature from Padshahnama depicting the surrender of the Shia Safavid garrison of Kandahar in 1638 to the Mughal army of Shah Jahan commanded by Kilij Khan. (from History of Afghanistan)

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Topics

{{Afghanistan topics}} {{Anglo-Afghan War}} {{Cinema of Afghanistan}} {{Afghan clothing}} {{Dams and reservoirs in Afghanistan}} {{DRA topics}} {{Afghan diaspora}} {{Durrani dynasty}} {{Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}} {{International schools in Afghanistan}} {{Languages of Afghanistan}} {{Mosques in Afghanistan}} {{National sports teams of Afghanistan}} {{AfghanPrisons}} {{Provinces of Afghanistan}} {{Afghan security forces}} {{Television stations in Afghanistan}} {{Afghan universities}} {{Years in Afghanistan}} {{Soviet–Afghan War}} {{Afghanistan War}} {{Military operations in the war in Afghanistan}} {{US War on Terror}} {{Economic Cooperation Organization}} {{South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation}}

Algeria -

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Algeria has a semi-arid climate, with the Sahara desert dominating most of the territory except for its fertile and mountainous north, where most of the population is concentrated. Spanning 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), it is the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the tenth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast. (Full article...)

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Benin -

Benin (/bɛˈniːn/ ben-EEN, /bɪˈniːn/ bin-EEN; French: Bénin [benɛ̃] , Fon: Benɛ, Fula: Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its population lives on the southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Porto-Novo, and the seat of government is in Cotonou, the most populous city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 km² (44,310 sq mi), and its population in 2021 was estimated to be approximately 13 million.0 It is a small, tropical country. It is one of the least developed, with an economy heavily dependent on agriculture, and is an exporter of palm oil and cotton. Some employment and income arise from subsistence agriculture. (Full article...)

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Parakou

Botswana -

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Being a country of slightly over 2.4 million people, and roughly the size of France, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. It is essentially the nation state of the Tswana people, who make up 79% of the population. (Full article...)

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Burundi -

Foods at a Burundian meal

Burundi is situated in East Africa and has a territory full of mountains, savannas and agricultural fields, with forests in the surrounding rivers and waters. Agriculture is spread on 80% of the country's surface and it mainly includes coffee, tea, maize, beans and manioc. Due to these characteristics, Burundi cuisine is very representative of the African culinary culture, as it includes beans, which are the staple of Burundi cooking, exotic fruits (mainly bananas), plantains, sweet potatoes, cassava, peas, maize and cereals, like corn and wheat. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Burundi-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Central Bujumbura, capital of Burundi (from Culture of Burundi)
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  Burundian Drummers (from Culture of Burundi)
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  Football in Burundi (from Culture of Burundi)
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  The flag of the Kingdom of Burundi (1962–1966). (from History of Burundi)
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  Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura. (from History of Burundi)
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  People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide (from History of Burundi)

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• For more images of Burundi, see the Wiki Loves Africa in Burundi category at Wikimedia Commons.

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Cameroon -

Yaoundé (UK: /jɑːˈʊndeɪ, -ˈuːn-/; US: /ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/, French pronunciation: [ja.unde]) is the capital of Cameroon and, with a population of more than 2.8 million, the second-largest city in the country after the port city Douala. It lies in the Centre Region of the nation at an elevation of about 750 metres (2,500 ft) above sea level. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Democratic Republic of the Congo-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Kribi Beach (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Reunification Monument, Yaounde (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Limbe Beach with people engaging in various activities (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  A musician plays traditional African music during the closing ceremony of French RECAMP-concept (reinforcement of African peacekeeping capacities) in Douala, November 23, 2006 (from Culture of Cameroon)
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  Giraffes in Waza National Park (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Hippopotamus at the Benoue National Park (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  National Museum, Yaounde (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Chimpanzee at Mefou primate sanctuary (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Gorilla at Mefou primate sanctuary (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Cameroonian fashion is varied and often mixes modern and traditional elements. Note the wearing of sun glasses, Monk shoes, sandals, and a Smartwatch. (from Culture of Cameroon)

Cape Verde -

Central African Republic

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General elections were held in the Central African Republic on 30 December 2015 to elect the president and National Assembly. As no presidential candidate received more than 50% of the vote, and following the annulling of the results of the National Assembly elections by the Transitional Constitutional Court, a second round of the presidential elections and a re-run of the parliamentary elections were held on 14 February 2016, with second round run-offs for the parliamentary elections on 31 March. (Full article...)

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The Central African Republic women's national football team represents the Central African Republic (CAR) in international women's football. It is governed by the Central African Football Federation. It played its first international matches in 2018 in the Cup of Nations qualifiers. The country's youth national team has played in several matches and events, including an Under-19 World Cup qualifying competition in which the team lost in the semi-finals. As is the case across Africa, the women's game faces numerous challenges. Football was only formally organised in 2000, and there are only 400 players competing at the national level. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Central African Republic-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Charles de Gaulle in Bangui, 1940 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Séléka advances in C.A.R. (December 2012–March 2013) (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  First Central African President David Dacko in 1962 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Faustin Touadera succeeded interim head Catherine Samba-Panza to become president following the 2015–16 elections (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Fufu (pictured right) is a staple food of West and Central Africa. It is a thick paste made by boiling starchy root vegetables in water and pounding the mixture with a mortar and pestle. Peanut soup is pictured at left (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  A soldier with France's 11th Marine Artillery Regiment during military exercises in the Central African Republic in 1992 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Location of the Central African Republic (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  A food aid convoy in the Central African Republic in 2007 (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  Palm wine (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  Rebel in northern Central African Republic in 2007. (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  A French cuisine boulangerie in Bangui (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)

Chad -

Map of Chad showing Batha.

Batha (Arabic: البطحة) is one of the 23 regions of Chad, located in the centre of the country. It is composed of what was formerly Batha Prefecture with some slight boundary adjustments. The capital of the region is Ati. (Full article...)

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Location in Chad

Toussidé (also known as Tarso Toussidé) is a potentially active stratovolcano in Chad. Toussidé lies in the Tibesti Mountains, the large Yirrigué caldera and the smaller Trou au Natron and Doon Kidimi craters are close to it. It has an elevation of 3,265 m (10,712 ft) above sea level. The volcano is the source of a number of lava flows, which have flowed westward away from Toussidé and east into the Yirrigué caldera. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various Chad-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Despite internal political opposition, coup attempts, and a civil war, Idriss Déby continuously ruled Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. (from Chad)
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  Women in Mao, where water is provided by a water tower. Access to clean water is often a problem in Chad. (from Chad)
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  Fried or Grilled Grasshoppers (from Chad)
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  Group of Kanem-Bu warriors. The Kanem–Bornu Empire controlled almost all of what is today Chad. (from Chad)
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  A proportional representation of Chad exports, 2019 (from Chad)
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  GDP per capita development of Chad, since 1950 (from Chad)
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  An African bush elephant (from Chad)
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  Embassy of Chad in Washington, D.C. (from Chad)
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  The Aozou Strip (dark green), claimed and occupied by Libya between 1976 and 1987, and territories held by Libyan-backed GUNT-forces (light green) (from History of Chad)
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  A Chadian soldier fighting for Free France during World War II. The Free French Forces included 15,000 soldiers from Chad. (from Chad)
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  Chad is divided into three distinct zones, the Sudanian Savanna in the south, the Sahara Desert in the north, and the Sahelian belt in the center. (from Chad)
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  A Chadian tailor sells traditional dresses. (from Chad)
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  Toubou nomads in the Ennedi Mountains (from Chad)
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  Mboum girls dancing in Chad (from Chad)

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Male at Apenheul Primate Park

The bonobo (/bəˈnoʊboʊ, ˈbɒnəboʊ/; Pan paniscus), also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee (less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee), is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other being the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). While bonobos are, today, recognized as a distinct species in their own right, they were initially thought to be a subspecies of Pan troglodytes, due to the physical similarities between the two species. Taxonomically, members of the chimpanzee/bonobo subtribe Panina—composed entirely by the genus Pan—are collectively termed panins. (Full article...)

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Bolikango in 1960

Jean Bolikango, later Bolikango Akpolokaka Gbukulu Nzete Nzube (4 February 1909 – 17 February 1982), was a Congolese educator, writer, and politician. He served twice as Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), in September 1960 and from February to August 1962. Enjoying substantial popularity among the Bangala people, he headed the Parti de l'Unité Nationale and worked as a key opposition member in Parliament in the early 1960s.

Bolikango began his career in the Belgian Congo as a teacher in Catholic schools, and became a prominent member of Congolese society as the leader of a cultural association. He wrote an award-winning novel and worked as a journalist before turning to politics in the late 1950s. Though he held a top communications post in the colonial administration, he became a leader in the push for independence, making him one of the "fathers of independence" in the Congo. The Republic of the Congo became independent in 1960 and Bolikango attempted to organise a national political base that would support his bid for a prestigious office in the new government. He succeeded in establishing the Parti de l'Unité Nationale and promoted both a united Congo and strong ties with Belgium. Older than most of his contemporaries and commanding significant respect—especially among his Bangala peers, he was seen as the Congo's "elder statesman". Regardless, his attempts to secure a position in the government failed and he became a leading member of the opposition in Parliament. (Full article...)

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Logo used under the name Compagnie Du Congo Belge

The Abir Congo Company (founded as the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company and later known as the Compagnie du Congo Belge) was a company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free State, the private property of King Leopold II of Belgium. The company was founded with British and Belgian capital and was based in Belgium. By 1898 there were no longer any British shareholders and the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company changed its name to the Abir Congo Company and changed its residence for tax purposes to the Free State. The company was granted a large concession in the north of the country and the rights to tax the inhabitants. This tax was taken in the form of rubber obtained from a relatively rare rubber vine. The collection system revolved around a series of trade posts along the two main rivers in the concession. Each post was commanded by a European agent and manned with armed sentries to enforce taxation and punish any rebels. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Democratic Republic of the Congo-related articles on Wikipedia.

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The following are images from various Djibouti-related articles on Wikipedia.

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Selected images - The following are images from various Ghana-related articles on Wikipedia.

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• See the Wiki Loves Africa in Ghana category at Wikimedia Commons for more images of Ghana.
  (More information)

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Wiki Loves Africa in Guinea-Bissau

• See the following category pages at Wikimedia Commons for more images of Guinea-Bissau.
• Wiki Loves Africa 2017 in Guinea-Bissau
• Wiki Loves Africa 2015 in Guinea-Bissau

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The following are images from various Ivory Coast-related articles on Wikipedia.

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• For images and videos of Nigeria, see the Wiki Loves Africa in Nigeria category at Wikimedia Commons.

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Selected images - The following are images from various São Tomé and Príncipe-related articles on Wikipedia.

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– Topic outline of São Tomé and Príncipe –

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Uganda–Tanzania War -

Articles here focus upon aspects of the Uganda–Tanzania War. These are all Good articles that meet a core set of high editorial standards.

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