Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War
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Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent nation states that were not aligned with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.[1]
The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.
Western periphery[edit]
Finland (independence from 1917)
United Baltic Duchy
Baltic State (Lasted from April to September 1918)- Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
Estonia (independence from 1918)
Latvia (independence from 1918)
Lithuania (independence from 1918)
Poland (independence from 1918)
Soviet Republic of Naissaar
Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1917–1921; partitioned between Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Ukrainian SSR)
Belarusian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919; partitioned between Poland and the Belarusian SSR)
Crimea (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1921)
Moldavian Democratic Republic (united with Romania in 1918)
European Russia[edit]
- East European Russia
Bashkiria (autonomy and de facto independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Provisional Regional Government of the Urals
- North European Russia
- South European Russia
Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)- Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Don Republic (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Eastern periphery[edit]
Siberian regionalism
Buryat-Mongolia
Yakutia
Green Ukraine
Tungus Republic
Far Eastern Republic. (De facto independent 1920–1922; merged with the RSFSR)
Caucasus[edit]
Transcaucasia
Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
Armenia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Armenian SSR)
Georgia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Georgian SSR)
Kars Republic
Caucasian Emirate
Mughan
Centrocaspian Dictatorship
United Republics (independence 1917–1922; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Central Asia[edit]
Basmachi
Alash Autonomy
Confederated Republic of Altai
Khiva
Emirate of Bukhara
Turkestan Autonomy- Transcaspian Government
Semirechye Cossacks
References[edit]
- ^ Bullock, David (2008). The Russian Civil War, 1918–22 (1st ed.). Oxford: Osprey Pub. ISBN 978-1-84603-271-4.